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Electric Bicycle (E-Bike) Safety and Regulations

Electric bicycles, commonly called e-bikes, have become increasingly popular for transportation, recreation, and commuting. Riders should understand that e-bikes are regulated under Massachusetts law and are subject to many of the same rules that apply to traditional bicycles.

Anyone operating an e-bike should ride responsibly, obey traffic laws, and remain aware of pedestrians, cyclists, and motor vehicles at all times.

Where E-Bikes May Be Used

  • Public streets and roadways
  • Marked bicycle lanes
  • Paved shared-use paths, unless otherwise posted
  • Areas where local regulations permit bicycle use

Where E-Bikes May Not Be Used

  • Sidewalks
  • Trails or conservation areas where bicycles are prohibited
  • Natural-surface trails that restrict motorized devices
  • Locations where posted signs prohibit e-bike use (i.e. Bruce Freeman Rail Trail)

Traffic Rules

E-bike operators must follow the same rules of the road that apply to bicycles and motor vehicles. Riders should:

  • Obey traffic signals and stop signs.
  • Yield to pedestrians.
  • Travel in the proper direction of traffic.
  • Use hand signals when turning or stopping.
  • Ride in a predictable and courteous manner.

Operating Safely

Operating an e-bike recklessly or in a manner that endangers others may result in citations or other enforcement action. Riders should always maintain control of their bicycle and adjust their speed to match traffic, trail conditions, roadway conditions, and pedestrian activity.

Understanding E-Bike Classes

Class 1 E-Bikes
A Class 1 e-bike provides motor assistance only while the rider is pedaling. Motor assistance stops when the bicycle reaches 20 miles per hour.

Class 2 E-Bikes
A Class 2 e-bike may be operated using a throttle and does not require pedaling. Motor assistance is limited to 20 miles per hour.

Higher-Speed Electric Bikes and Motorized Bicycles
Electric bicycles that exceed the limits established for Class 1 or Class 2 e-bikes may be considered motorized bicycles under Massachusetts law. These vehicles may be subject to additional licensing, registration, equipment, or operational requirements.

Massachusetts Law

Electric bicycles in Massachusetts are regulated under state law. Electric bicycles that meet the definitions of Class 1 or Class 2 e-bikes are treated differently from motorized bicycles and mopeds.

  • Class 1 e-bikes provide pedal assistance only and cease providing assistance at 20 miles per hour.
  • Class 2 e-bikes may include a throttle and cease providing assistance at 20 miles per hour.
  • Operators must obey applicable traffic laws and regulations.
  • E-bikes may not be operated on sidewalks.
  • Local rules and posted restrictions may further regulate where e-bikes may be used.

Speed and Vehicle Classification

The 20 mile-per-hour limit applies to motor assistance, not necessarily the actual speed of the bicycle. Riders may exceed 20 miles per hour through human power or while traveling downhill, but the electric motor must stop providing assistance at 20 miles per hour for the bicycle to qualify as a Class 1 or Class 2 e-bike.

Electric bicycles that provide motor assistance above 20 miles per hour or do not meet the statutory definitions of Class 1 or Class 2 electric bicycles may be considered motorized bicycles under Massachusetts law and may be subject to additional licensing, registration, equipment, or operational requirements.

Riders should review applicable Massachusetts laws and consult local regulations when operating higher-speed electric bicycles or other motorized vehicles.

Ride Responsibly

  • Wear a properly fitted helmet.
  • Slow down in crowded areas and near pedestrians.
  • Use front and rear lights when riding at night.
  • Avoid distractions such as headphones or mobile devices.
  • Alert pedestrians and other cyclists when passing.
  • Yield to walkers and slower users on shared paths.

Battery Safety

Most e-bikes use lithium-ion batteries. Riders should follow manufacturer recommendations for charging, storage, and maintenance.

  • Use only approved chargers.
  • Inspect batteries for damage before charging.
  • Charge batteries in a well-ventilated area.
  • Avoid charging batteries unattended for extended periods.
  • Store batteries away from excessive heat or moisture.

Parking and Storage

Park e-bikes in designated bicycle racks or approved locations whenever possible. Do not block sidewalks, building entrances, accessible routes, or emergency access points.

Electric Scooters

Electric scooters are regulated differently from electric bicycles under Massachusetts law. Scooter operators may be subject to separate age, licensing, helmet, and operating requirements. Riders should review state laws before operating an electric scooter on public ways.

Additional Information

For additional information regarding electric bicycle and motorized bicycle regulations, riders should consult Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 85 and Chapter 90, as well as any applicable local regulations.

Governor Healey Files Ride Safe Act to Strengthen Public Safety, Regulate E-Bikes, Mopeds and Scooters